To apply for a carte de séjour, you will be required to fill in the OFII form and supply number of documents. Typical list of documents (many of which will be the same as those you supplied for your visa application):

• Certificate of enrollment at institution of higher education. or Work Contract etc. indicating the reason of your stay.

• Proof of accommodation (rent bill/gas or electricity bill for last 2 months issued on your name or certificate from person who is lodging you).

• Proof of financial resources.

• Two photographs (It costs about EUR 4.00 for four photos at an automatic "Photomaton" booth such as those often found in town halls or train and underground stations.)

• One stamped self-addressed envelope.

Citizens of non-European-Union countries will also need to supply the following items:

• Medical certificate, which is delivered after a medical examination at the ANAEM / OMI. You will get a letter from the Prefecture a few days after you submit the above application.
  Keep this certificate carefully as you will need it for renewing your Carte de Séjour the next year. 

• Fiscal Stamps for each type of renewal - Check the tarifs at the préfecture.

Once the application has been processed, you will be invited (by post or by phone call) to come and collect your carte de séjour in person. The application processing time varies greatly (upto three months, usually). Till you receive your carte de séjour, you will be provided with the récépissé de carte de séjour (Receipt of carte de séjour). It is valid for three months. If you do not receive your carte de séjour in three months, you will have to apply for the renewal of the récépissé carte de séjour to Préfecture along with three photographs. It is quiet common that many don't receive carte de séjour in first three months. Don't panic! As long as you have valid récépissé you are a legal resident in France.

Note: You are not allowed to travel out of France on your first Récépissé de Carte de Séjour